نشریه مطالعات ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 64 (زمستان 1401)

Mahmoud Waraq Heravi and Saadi Shirazi are two poets who have paid special attention to wisdom, advice and advice in their poetry divans. Being influenced by Islamic culture and religious teachings, especially the Qur'an and Nahj al-Balagha, along with personal life experiences, are among the sources of wisdom in their poetry. Simplicity and clarity of words and phrases, relative freedom from abandoned and incomprehensible terms, departure from the old lexical culture and using the lexical culture of our era, using proverbs in accordance with the needs of the age and the taste of the people and its popularity are among the characteristics of this edict literature. Two wise poets are considered. The present research aims to investigate the commonalities in the didactic and judgmental literature of two poets by using the descriptive-analytical method and using the American school of comparative literature. The results of the research indicate that both poets in the form of verses and various literary types recommended moral virtues such as work and effort, patience, kindness and forgiveness, anti-cruelty, etc. They have warned against greed, greed and envy. Dealing with the moral and educational principles in the poetry of these two poets is sometimes close to the point that it is as if these slogans came from the thinking of one person; For example, in two stanzas, Waraq considers property and wealth to be a means to preserve and increase human dignity, and Saadi also points out the exact same point in one stanza.

Devil is a subject that engages the human mind, regardless of theological discourses and debates. In this article, an attempt is made to examine the issue in the two areas of orthodox theology and fiction. The novel, which is itself a pillar of literature, has been selected as part of the interdisciplinary study in this article, which is the basis for the devil's theme. The events of Mikhail Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita take place in the twentieth century. The focus of the article has been on the theme of Devil in nature, action, its relation to man and Christ. Devil is real in nature and is suspicious of man. It has various names with various functions, and although its power is not absolute, it seeks to be in harmony with God. But there were also differences in these two areas, including the fact that in the novel Devil is rebellious and does not seek equality with God, and in a way the nature and action of Devil follows a dual logic whose nature and behavior are spontaneously neutral, and this good duality And evil in the face of human positive or negative behavior is accurately highlighted in such a way that it can be said that in all positions, the (Woland) is the manifester of justice that measures the merits or demerits of human beings without excuse and excuse. And punishes against (Joshua) who forgives and embraces the sinner and the saint with his absolute love.

Abol Ala Maari and Naser khosro consider from prominent characters of Islamic culture in the scope of ration and rationalism, so far as their rationally odes have more fame and frequency from others. This study claims that poetic experiences, acquaintance with thought of Islamic and Iranian rationalists and scientists and Greek philosophers, using from religious teachings and culture specially Ismaeeli and fatemi is from rationalism sources of these tow. Naserk hosro as a cultivated poet, has had acquaintance with Arabic literature. Thus, in writing some of his rationally subjects he has followed maari's step. Also in this study, it is beliveved that although in some cases there is similarity between Abol Ala and Naser khosro poem. But these similarities are just a simultaneous random and there is the source of some of these rationalism subjects in Islamic and Persian culture Too. This study accoding to adjusting similar aspects and some times Naser khosro effectiveness from Abol Ala. Two main subjects of this study are:A: A prelude about rationalisms process in Arabic and Persian literature and study's generalities.B: The adjusting rationalism subjects in the poem of these two poets.

Sociological analysis of types of violence is an important issue that can be addressed using the views of theorists such as Bourdieu. This article uses a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the female characters in the novels "My Bird" by Fariba Wafi and "The Forbidden Book" by Alba Accessups. And by comparatively examining the extent of the impact of violence in the social, cultural, and activist contexts of women and men, it shows how violence (especially explicit and active male violence) and the representation of the limitations of women in both societies are externalized. Forms of systemic, symbolic, covert, and actionable violence are imposed on women with the complicity of perpetrators in the absent strata of society. The results of the study in comparison between male and female social actors show that women are victims of various types of violence and social controls, in the production and reproduction of capital in social and cultural spaces are inferior to men. The rate of violence against men is lower and much lower than that of women and children. The activism of men in society by resorting to male domination and patriarchal rule of societies in five types of violence (symbolic, systemic, physical, sexual and linguistic) is more than women and children. Systemic violence and symbolic violence covertly harm women more than physical and verbal violence. On the other hand, the complicity and dominance of women communities and women activists paves the way for male domination over women.

Stories with settings of the sea, the port, and the island are considered maritime literature.The sea is one of the outstanding concepts in Persian and Syrian literature.In the current study,Moniro Ravanipour from Iran and Hanna Mina fromSyria represent maritime literature in modern fiction writing.It is worth mentioning that novels in the maritime literature domain often seek to bring about change,and,as a result of the deep and unknown nature of the sea,call for radical change and emphasize the socio-political struggles of the people.In these novels,sailors or fishermen and the people of port cities and villages symbolize the masses.This study aims to introduce, analyze,and elaborate on these two novels written in the field of maritime literature:the novelAhl-e Ghargh(The Drowned)by Moniro Ravanipour and the novelAl-Shera va Al-Asifa(The Sail and the Storm).Ahl-e Ghargh refers to the people’s social changes in Jofreh village in Bushehr,Iran and illustrates their transition from rural simplicity and traditional beliefs to a modern and industrial society,considering the notion of tradition and modernism as contradictory.Moreover,the novelAl-Shera vaAl-Asifa by Hanna Mina is concerned about the evolution of theSyrian society from ignorance and submission to a warrior and well-informed society.Employing the a descriptive-analytical methodology.this research explores the impact of space on characters, the element of myth-making(mythopoeia),and the representation of rituals and customs in these two novels.Observing different elements of the story with an eye to the settings,this research finds the search for profound and fundamental change and the relationship of setting and all elements of the story as prominent characteristics of maritime novels.

History of Iran is full of rich literary resources that it has noticed different dimensions among combat and festivity. Among these books are Eskandarnameh's manuscript and Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and one of these subjects that according to being epic important parts of these large books has in it an impressive presence, is ceremonies and techniques and combat instruments. Therefore prepared research that is in looking to review adapting the use of war instruments in Eskandarnameh's manuscript and Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. (a case example of Bysanghari's Shahnameh and Nezami's Khamseh with Antarat Ibn Shaddad Arab poet and warrior. After expanding conceptual space about research subject, they will study the subject of war instruments and their application. According to thematic documentation provided in this research, research method, descriptive - analytical and information gathering method in this article is a library. Findings of this article show that in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh like other poets benefits of the application of war instruments and tools, and in this regard, it combines courage and bravery with love and affection. According to Eskandarnameh and other Nezami's works this truth is clear to us that Nezami has had perfect acquaintance with kinds of martial, festive instruments and weapons of war. Antarat-Ibn-shadad is the best poets of the age of ignorance and one of the composers of “Moalaghat”. His poems have significant beauty and elegance. Therefore, his poems are in three levels of semantic, syntax and harmonics

Shiite poetry is committed and has a mission, which has had various topics and structures in all periods. The first Abbasid era, which is the era of development and growth of Arab literature, was a fruitful era of Shia poetry and Shia poets. The Shiite poets of the first Abbasid era tried to place their poetry in the service of spreading religious concepts and explaining the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and defending them, and in order to achieve this goal, they tried to express their poetic gems by using artistic techniques and techniques. To expose literature in particular and in general. This research, which was carried out with a descriptive-comparative method and based on library studies, aims to compare the most important rhetorical techniques in the poetry of Seyyed Hemyari and Dick Al-Jen as representatives of the Shia poets of the first period of the Abbasid era and compare it with the techniques As the first Persian-speaking Shia poets, Kasei Marvzi revealed how the themes and titles attributed to Ahl al-Bayt (pbuh) appeared in their poetry. The results obtained from the research indicate that these poets have used imagery and techniques such as simile, metaphor, and irony to convey the themes and concepts attributed to Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH). Also, Sovare Khiyal is more prominent in the poems of Arab poets and their innovations are more than the Shiite poems of Kasei Marvzi.

One of the literature phenomena during the last two centuries is of the connection between poem, specially sonnet and whole dimensions of life. Then Constitutionalism now, the Sonnet moved from love circle and its biography at the same times of Persian literature as well as Arabic one together so that it endowed softness and subtly towards political and social problems. This approach gets the border between Sonnet and non-Sonnet to be disturbed and then the political sonnet resulted from that. This is clear example. In this article, we study the lyrical poems of two poets namely “Fadavi Toughan and Fatemeh Rakeai” in this way. It is done by analytical-comparative method. As a result, it is noticed that love coming up with the struggle and sustainability is the basic theme of the political and social lyric genres of these two poets. They expanded love circle to the political and social range of their society within the poems. Their common poetic properties are of simplicity, fluency, intimidate, and subtly womanish feeling. They have composed poetries in both traditional and modern forms. They were witness closely the war events and its surpassions so that they’ve Contemporary Sonnet combined life hardships with Sonnet subtly. The imaginations of resistance by people against alliances, Praise of leaders and militant personalities, invitation to awakening, praise of martyrdom and martyrs and patriotism can be seen the whole parts of their sonnets and this fascinates everyone’s soul and heart.

before and after it, it forms an intertwined network of meanings, similarities and semantic and linguistic differences. From this point of view, it is comparative and interacts with the texts before and after itself. As a branch of contemporary literature, sacred defense literature has acquired some of its meanings through interactive relationships with earlier texts, especially mystical texts, and from a comparative perspective with mystical literature, it is somewhat in line with a common meaning-making discourse. In this article, we have tried to analyze the mystical origins and the similarity of the texts of Avini with the works of Molana and Carl Gustav Jung using a descriptive analytical method with a comparative approach. The results of this research show the alignment of Avini's words with concepts such as; manifestation, light, darkness, and the meeting of God, which are the most frequent words and concepts of Molana's verses and mysticism, and which are used with a new expression in the proposal and process of Jung's individuality.

In order to create his poetry, every poet inevitably deviates from some grammar principles and rules, and he always tries to express the meaning in a clear way; Because otherwise, he has taken a step in the insignificance of poetry and poets. One of the ways to know the poetry of any poet is to pay attention to the syntactic and grammatical rules used in that poem, to examine how the relationships between the parts and elements of a sentence are considered, considering the rules that are considered within the structure of a sentence with a specific language. It determines the syntactic and grammatical structure of each poem.In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the use of syntactic and grammatical rules with a formalist approach in the poems of the Third Brotherhood and Adonis with a comparative and analytical method. In this regard, the shifting of sentence elements, deletion, use of verbs, etc. in the poems of the two poets in question were investigated. The results of the research show that Adonis is more advanced in the components of departure from syntactic rules, moving sentence elements, introducing and delaying, and deleting sentence elements compared to Akhwan, and Akhwan has been able to avoid more syntactic norms in the field of using old Persian and archaic words. Get from Adonis.

The principles and elements of romanticism have greatly influenced contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry, and new themes have entered the poetry through this school. Swans and images made using this bird are considered one of these themes. Swan and its poetic images are not used in Arabic classical poetry, and the history of its application dates back to the contemporary era. In the contemporary era, through the introduction of European literature through translation, which translates into the transmission of literary and cultural phenomena, new themes have been introduced into the Arabic literature by using the artistic features of this bird. This article reviews the contemporary Arabic poetry, which uses Swan and its related attributes to create images and themes and adapt them to the Western pattern. Swans have different symbolic meanings in different cultures. In contemporary Arabic poetry, poets such as Adonis, Mahmoud Darvish and ... have used the image of swan, such as the death of swan, dance of swan and singing of swans, using western patterns and poetic look at the Swan Bird. Since the study of the origin and source of new Arabic poetry images and themes will help clarify the rules and patterns of the development of the new Arabic poetry, this study looks at the comparative view of the extent and type of Arabic poets' influence on Western literary patterns.

Fiction has a very important role in the development of children's personality. Children through stories and good stories, discover the many moral values. Through analyzing the elements of the story children can be helped to improve the quality of this kind of literary writers in order to most effectively rely on the strengths of the elements of the story. The aim of this research in the first phase, introduction to children's literature, and introduce these two important writer and Iranian, Egyptian, Youssef Mustafa Abdel Tawab Rahmandoust and also introduce elements of the story and the story of the clever rabbit and the wolf and rabbit effect Egyptian writer Iranian author's work. To achieve this goal, the analytical method used. The result of this was that the two writers in the field of art and story elements are similar and the difference between them is very small.Keywords: Story elements, Mostafa Rahmandoust, Yousef Abdel Tawab, children's literature, comparative literature.

Although space has usually been at the center of architectural debates since the beginning of the twentieth century, it has never been the basis of linguistic and poetic theories, and as a result, architectural poetry has not been understood and experienced as a space language. Since the combination of knowledge in the contemporary period is of great importance, many commonalities can be found between architecture and literature.Based on the descriptive-analytical method, this article seeks to compare the category of space in the two arts of architecture and literature and its specific perceptions, and relying on philosophical critiques of poetry and new linguistic tendencies, similarities and differences between architecture and literature. Criticize and adapt the concept of space. One of the most important findings of this research is that the geometric language of architecture and texture of traditional cities with existential elements such as corridors, porches, courtyards and other spaces is a clear example of the language of residence and poetry of space. Architecture and language are both mediators of our encounter with the world because we are always present in architecture, just as we are always present in language. This resemblance reveals the spatiality of both. The poetry of space is the experientiality of language, so the construction of a revealing space on the one hand, and experiential and constructiveness on the other, is something that poetry must learn from architecture. But what architecture needsto learn from poetry isto usethe language ofarchitecture in a way thatis more than architecture